Newsletter n.5
in June
- Written by Sara Stopponi
1 June 1869 – Thomas Edison obtains his first patent: it is the invention of electrographic vote recorder, a system for collecting the vote preference between "Yes" and "No" using two selectors
2 June 1858 – The Pisan astronomer Giovanni Battista Donati discovers what will be remembered as the Comet Donati, the brightest of the 10th century, which returned to approach the Earth only on October XNUMX of the same year
2 June 2003 – The European Space Agency launches from Kazakhstan the Mars express, the first European planetary exploration mission, extended until 2022
3 June 1844 – At the request of a merchant looking for museum specimens, the last two specimens of great auk, a flightless bird of the Alcid family, officially extinct since that time
3 June 1928 – A Soviet radio amateur, Nikolaj Schmidt, collects the initial part of theSOS launched by the survivors of the airship Italy, which crashed on May 25 on the Arctic pack
3 June 1948 – He comes to California Hale telescope inaugurated, the largest telescope of the Monte Palomar Astronomical Observatory
3 June 2018 – In Guatemala Volcán de Fuego erupts, part of the Central American Volcanic Arc, killing 110 and leaving nearly 200 missing
5 June 1688 – In the Kingdom of Naples there is violence Sannio earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.0, which causes about 10.000 victims and enormous damage in the current province of Benevento and in Naples
5 June 1783 – In Annonay, a French commune not far from the Rhone Valley, the brothers Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier hold the first flight demonstration of a balloon. The flight, lasting ten minutes, covers a distance of about 2 kilometers and reaches an estimated altitude of 1.600-2.000 meters
5 June 1981 - He comes recognized for the first time AIDS, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by the HIV virus. The name of the disease, however, was introduced only in 1982: initially the press spoke of GRID, Gay-Related Immune Deficiency, as it was believed that the syndrome was limited to the homosexual community only
6 June 1912 – It begins onNovarupta eruption, Alaska Peninsula: ranked sixth out of seven on the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, considered (along with Pinatubo in 1991) to be the largest volcanic eruption of the XNUMXth century
6 June 2012 – The first solar-powered intercontinental flight: the Solar Impulse four-engine high-wing aircraft, designed by the Federal Polytechnic University of Lausanne, Switzerland, covers the route between Spain and Morocco in 18 hours (non-stop)
7 June 1965 – was born thehome video: Sony launches the CV-2000, the first video tape recorder for home use. Records in black and white and retails for the still-heavy price of $700, equivalent to about $5.000 today
8 June 1783 – It begins oneruption of the volcano Laki, in Iceland, which will last 8 months and will have significant effects on the European climate and society
11 June 2002 – The United States House of Representatives recognizes the Florentine Antonio Meucci as his fundamental contribution in the invention of the telephone: the controversy remains open on the real authorship of the invention, for a long time attributed to Alexander Graham Bell
12 June 1849 – The American Lewis Haslett obtains the patent for the inhaler or lung protector, an embryonic form of the future antigas mask
12 June 1967 - The Soviet space probe Venera 4 is launched towards the Venusian atmosphere: it will become the first probe capable of carrying out direct analyzes of an extraterrestrial environment
13 June 1983 – US space probe Pioneer 10 becomes the first terrestrial object to travel beyond the Solar System surpassing the orbit of Neptune which at that time was recognized as the most distant planet from the Sun. In 2018 the record for the greatest distance from our parent star passed to the dwarf planet Farout, discovered in November of that year by a team of researchers from the University of Hawaii and Northern Arizona University
16 June 1963 – Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman in space, in orbit with the Vostok 6 mission
18 June 1928 – Arriving in Wales after 21 hours of flight aboard a Fokker F. VII named “Friendship”, US aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to cross the Atlantic
21 June 1967 – US engineer Douglas Engelbart gets the mouse patent, the computer pointing device. At the time, it was a block of wood covering two metal wheels
22 June 1633 - Galileo Galilei is forced by the Holy Office to abjure the heliocentric theory as it affirmed its scientific validity even in the absence of empirical confirmations. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and confined to his villa in Arcetri
22 June 1948 – A team of US scientists isolates and crystallizes a factor present in the liver capable of curing pernicious anemia: it is cobalamin, or Vitamin B12
22 June 1978 – US astronomer James Christy discovers Charon, the most massive of the five natural satellites of the dwarf planet Pluto
23 June 1905 – The single-engine biplane Wright Flyer III by brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright makes its first flight becoming the first truly efficient and practical 'flying machine'
26 June 1974 – At a supermarket in Troy, Ohio, a packet of chewing gum becomes the first product sold using reading the barcode, patented in 1952 by engineers Norman J. Woodland and Bernard Silver
27 June 1978 – From the Vanderberg base in California, NASA launches the Seasat, the first satellite for oceanography, specially designed for remote sensing of terrestrial oceans by synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
29 June 1900 – He was born there Nobel foundation, the private institution created by the will of the Swedish Alfred Nobel. The foundation annually awards prizes to those who work for humanity in various fields of knowledge: peace, literature, medicine, physics, chemistry and economics